There are many different types of forging processes. They differ based on temperature, tools, and arrangement of dies.
All metal forging processes shape the metals and alloys using different techniques and methods.
Let us understand more about the most common forging processes- press forging and drop forging.
What is Press Forging?
In press forging, the metal piece is kept between two dies. Hydraulic or mechanical pressure is applied to the metal piece.
The metal or alloy piece is kept on the forge press. The two die pieces are attached to the machine and exert pressure on the metal.
The pressure is gradually increased on the die, which ultimately presses the metal piece. It is the preferred choice for the high-volume production of metals.
Both cold and hot forging processes are applicable to press forging.
What is Drop Forging?
The movement of the die is the major difference between press forging and drop forging.
Drop forging is similar to the work of a blacksmith in the past. The key difference is that of the machinery.
Blacksmiths used to have hammers and exerted force using hands
In drop forging, the lower die remains stationary while the upper die exerts pressure on the metal piece. However, in press forging, both the dies exert force on the workpiece.
Unlike press forging, this process involves heating the metal piece. Heating the workpiece softens it, and can be forged into any other shape with pressure.
Drop forging is of two types- open die forging and closed die forging.
Applications of Press Forging
- To Make Coins
The metal is placed between the die, and high pressure is applied to the die. There is no need for lubricant on the metal piece during the coin-making process.
- Hubbing
Hubbing is the process of creating patterns on a metal piece. The pattern goes onto the die cavities.
The Hubbing process is famous for creating patterns on silverware.
Applications of Drop Forging
- Fabrication of construction parts of machines like planes and automobiles.
- It is used to produce tools like hammers and wrenches.
- About 25% of drop-forged material finds its application in the agriculture industry.
- It is used in the oil and gas industry for the production of hammer union nuts, couplings, and fittings for plug valves.
Advantages of Press Forging
- The high amount of pressure completely changes the shape of the metal piece.
- It is economical due to high-value production.
- It is applicable for both small and large metal pieces.
- Produces very less amount of Scarpe.
- The amount of pressure on the die can easily be controlled.
Advantages of Drop Forging
- Produces robust components
- Suitable for lightweight workpiece
- Economically feasible
- Easy to produce patterns on the workpiece
- High accuracy products
- Optimised processing time
- No unnecessary waste
Major Takeaways
Press and drop forging offer many advantages for different industries. While they both are forging methods and exert pressure on the workpiece, they have different techniques and applications.
Murari Engineering fabricates top-quality forged parts for tractors and other machinery. We believe in customer satisfaction and thus our forged materials go through quality checks.